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Medically Reviewed.Last updated on 01/28/2025.

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References

Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.

Experts You Can Trust

Medically Reviewed.Last updated on 01/28/2025.

References

Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.

Aggarwal N, Leslie SW, Lotfollahzadeh S. Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557479/). 2024 May 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. Accessed 1/28/2025.
American Urological Association. Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: AUA/CUA/SUFU Guideline (2022) (https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/recurrent-uti). Last reviewed 2022. Accessed 1/28/2025.
Matas A, Xipell M, Bodro M, et al. Urinary Tract Infection and Autoimmune Diseases (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444642172000038). In: Atenzi F, Galloway JB, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al., eds. Handbook of Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases. Vol. 16. Elsevier B.V. 2020:49-57. Accessed 1/28/2025.
Williams G, Hahn D, Stephens JH, et al. Cranberries for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37068952/). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Apr 17;4(4):CD001321. Accessed 1/28/2025.

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